@Article{SantosBorSilPieBez:2019:LaDuFi,
               author = "Santos, Andr{\'e} Lu{\'{\i}}s Silva dos and Borges, H{\'e}lder 
                         Pereira and Silva Junior, Celso Henrique Leite and Piedade Junior, 
                         Raimundo Nonato and Bezerra, Denilson da Silva",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Federal do Maranh{\~a}o (IFMA)} and {Instituto Federal 
                         do Maranh{\~a}o (IFMA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade Ceuma (UNICEUMA)} and 
                         {Universidade Ceuma (UNICEUMA)}",
                title = "Modelling dunes from Len{\c{c}}{\'o}is Maranhenses National Park 
                         (Brazil): largest dune field in South America",
              journal = "Scientific Reports",
                 year = "2019",
               volume = "9",
               number = "7434",
             abstract = "This paper presents a digital elevation model (DEM) of the dunes 
                         found in the Len{\c{c}}{\'o}is Maranhenses National Park, an 
                         environmental protection area located in the Maranh{\~a}o state 
                         (Brazil). The DEM supports the modeling studies of sand-dune 
                         evolution using multi-temporal satellite images and ground truth 
                         data, obtained through the post-processed kinematic Global 
                         Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning. The study area is 
                         located at the border of three major neotropical ecosystems: the 
                         Amazonia, Caatinga, and Brazilian savanna. It is located in the 
                         northeastern state of Maranh{\~a}o and encompasses the largest 
                         dune felds in the country. Wide shrubby areas (restingas, in 
                         Portuguese), lakes, mangroves, and a multitude of reshwater 
                         lagoons compose the parks natural environments. The objective of 
                         the present study is to create an DEM that can evidence the 
                         complex dynamics of dune formation in the study area with use of 
                         GNSS. Geodetic techniques and precision mapping were employed to 
                         monitor the short-term coastal dynamics. The use of GNSS receivers 
                         is justifed by the difculty of mapping the dunes features using 
                         conventional methods such as theodolite, level, and total station 
                         systems, due to their high cost, time restriction sand low data 
                         precision. Surface surveys were carried out annually between 
                         December 2015 and January 2017 to create a DEM. The study results 
                         reveal that the area has a negative volumetric balance of erosion 
                         and a preferential direction of sediment transport by wind, which 
                         may justify the pattern of advancement and retraction observed in 
                         the dunes of the studied area.",
                  doi = "10.1038/s41598-019-43735-0",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43735-0",
                 issn = "2045-2322",
                label = "lattes: 0506851271452550 3 SantosBorSilPieSil:2019:LaDuFi",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "s41598-019-43735-0.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}